The Epic Poem, Beowulf - Vengeance and Revenge in Beowulf Essay

Retribution and Revenge in Beowulf  The most seasoned of the incredible protracted sonnets written in English and maybe the solitary overcomer of a sort of Anglo-Saxon legends, Beowulf, was composed by an obscure Christian writer at a date that is just estimated.â Even in this way, it is an exceptional account story wherein the artist revitalizes the courageous language, style, and estimations of Germanic oral poetry.â He interlaces various subjects including great and insidiousness, youth and mature age, agnosticism and Christianity and the gallant perfect code, into his primary story and various diversions and scenes; which were all critical to his crowd at the time.â Vengeance, some portion of the chivalrous code, was respected contrastingly by the two particular religions.â Christianity instructs to pardon the individuals who trespass against us, while in the agnostic world, retribution is regular and not considered a malice act.â In Beowulf, the antiquated German saying vengeance doesn't long remain unre venged is carefully clung to and confirms that vengeance is a piece of agnostic custom. Two human connections were profoundly noteworthy to the Germanic society.â The most significant, the connection between the warrior and his master depended on a typical trust and respect.â The warrior pledges devotion to his ruler and serves and protects him and thusly the master deals with the warrior and prizes him extravagantly for his valour.â The second human relationship was between kinsmen.â As Baker and Ogilvy recommend, a unique type of dependability was associated with the blood fight. (P.107)â If one of his family had been killed, a man had a moral commitment either to slaughter the slayer or to correct the installment of wergild in compensation.â The cost was resolved upon the position or economic wellbeing of the person in question... ... see was tit for tat, if a man executes your family you accurate revenge.â in actuality, the Christian view was increasingly similar to as Mohandas Gandhi said tit for tat just winds up making the entire world blind.â Christians trusted God would certainty make the right decision and would prefer to choose not to retaliate then have it bring about more blood and murder.â Throughout the sonnet, the artist endeavors to suit these two arrangements of values.â Though he is Christian, he can't invalidate the major agnostic estimations of the account story. Works Cited and Consulted: Abrams, M.H., ed.â Beowulf: The Norton Anthology of English Literature.â New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc., 2001.â Pastry specialist, Donald C. what's more, J.D.A. Ogilvy.â Reading Beowulf.â Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983. Duke, James W.â Thinking About Beowulf.â Stanford: Stanford University Press: 1994.

Do Female Representatives Make a Difference Women Full

Edmund Heery and John Kelly (1988) completed a concentrated research to determine the conflict rotating around viability of ladies portrayal. The discussion encompassing ladies portrayal has fuelled extreme discussion on whether ladies portrayal makes an alternate or not. Both hero and adversary have over and again raised veering sentiment on the need of ladies representation.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Do Female Representatives Make a Difference? Ladies Full-Time Officials and Trade Union Work explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although, ladies portrayal is moderately high in present day world contrasted with the old days, their job is a greater amount of ladies agent than that of aggregate bartering. In any case, while some rival discredits the adequacy of ladies delegates, the rival declares that men can advocate the aggregate requirements for the two sexes all the more advantageously. As of late, the quantity of ladies delegate has exp anded to contention the extent of ladies in the worker's guild. The expansion in ladies portrayal has adjusted the impression of worker's guilds as well as moved the concentration above compensation additions to include on sex issue. The emphasis has strengthened on female issues, for example, equivalent compensation, parental leave, inappropriate behavior and ladies heath. Expectedly, these issues were given low need in most old occasions (particularly in men overwhelmed associations) however the pattern is by all accounts accusing of consideration of ladies agents. Notwithstanding increment in ladies portrayal, ladies prominence among their kindred ladies has stayed low. From the exploration that was led, results uncovered that most ladies favor naming men delegates contrasted with the female partners. Further, discoveries show that more than 80 percent of the ladies accept ladies FTO champions â€Å"woman issues† (Heery and Kelly, 1988). Furthermore, more perception uncove rs that ladies portrayal stays low in spite of ladies dynamic investment. Then again, ladies portrayal has been overwhelming in huge associations contrasted with the littler associations. Regardless of their cooperation in enormous associations, the couple of these ladies possess the pinnacle of the association. For example, just 5 percent of the ladies agent involved senior situation in senior position. While just two were general agent, in 1987 out of the 8 general secretaries just three were senior secretaries (Heery and Kelly, 1988).Advertising Looking for paper on history? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The article further uncovers that men can do jobs done by ladies all the more easily. By and large, ladies think that its hard to advance fairness by their own effort and in this manner they require outer endeavors to advance their government assistance and improve their exhibitions. While ladies need to utilize their own endeavors to advance equity, 84 percent of the ladies feel ladies have a significant distance to cover before arriving at fairness. In any case, most laborers have begun acknowledging ladies portrayal in the worker's guild exercises. In 1980, just 12 percent held an opposite assessment over ladies exhibitions while a challenging 88 percent confirmed their help for ladies (Heery and Kelly, 1988). Along these lines, ladies portrayal in worker's organization has brought another measurement an excessively extraordinary methodology in direct and extent of approach. The contention introduced in the article is substantial remembering the affectability of sexual orientation issues and the general employees’ organization. I absolutely bolster the proof introduced by the creator since they spoke to the circumstance at the ground. By and large, rather than ladies supporting for aggregate deal, they will in general concentrate to sexual orientation gives subsequently having an increasin gly one-sided approach in their administration (Heery and Kelly, 1988). I firmly bolster the discoveries of the article since the exploration was done over a few worker's guilds through real research rather speculative suppositions. The creator top to bottom research approves his finding for speculation and application in a more extensive point of view. In any case, at it develops is assumption that ladies are a greater amount of ladies delegate to general government assistance skewer headers. Reference List Heery, E. what's more, Kelly, J. (1988) â€Å"Do Female Representatives Make a Difference? Ladies Full-Time Officials and Trade Union Work,† Work, Employment and Society, 2(4) 487-505 This paper on Do Female Representatives Make a Difference? Ladies Full-Time Officials and Trade Union Work was composed and put together by client Alianna E. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

What Is A Thought Paper?

What Is A Thought Paper?A Thought Paper is a succinct outline that summarizes the entire project and covers the various points and needs that may be of interest to the reader. This will be something that a writer will write as a summary for his project. For this reason, it is a great way to ensure that the details are covered and there is no point in going into too much detail on something that is already written out.Since there is an outline at the start, it allows a writer to use this to ensure that the information is covered and then some and is left to the additional items to come later. It can be a useful starting point to make sure that all the points are covered. A good writer will use the paper to ensure that the various aspects of the project are covered in the same order.An online resource can help you through a thought paper and lay out everything so that the detail is covered. They are usually brief and offer short summaries of each topic. They can also be used to build o n a particular aspect so that it is covered in the actual draft or outline.The outline makes the idea of writing a formal presentation easy to do. It is a good idea to focus on the important areas first and then fill in the details. By doing this, the presentation will be more in order and ready to go.If the paper is to be formal, it is best to follow the outline until the title is complete. The title should relate to the overall topic and how the presentation should proceed. For example, it would be very difficult to write a paper on marketing strategies if the title does not have to do with marketing itself.While it is always a good idea to choose the topic that will relate to the idea of the paper, it is also important to choose the title based on how it sounds. For example, a title like 'Artificial Intelligence' is not as interesting as 'Human Vs Artificial Intelligence'. Choosing a title based on how it sounds rather than on how it relates to the topic is important. Writing a t hought paper for a business idea or in any other situation where the title cannot easily be related to the topic is a bad idea.When writing an outline, there are many things to take into consideration. For example, there is no need to include every detail that is needed to be included. Just the essentials are needed to give the reader a good idea of what will be written. Since a thought paper is a brief overview of the overall idea, this is enough.With the outline, there is no need to include every detail of the overall idea and project. The details can be left until the project itself. If the author does not want to spend time covering all the details, he can use a list of items that must be covered before anything else is added. There is a reason why many professionals, including those who work in sales, use an outline.

Why You Should Avoid Checkbook Journalism

Checkbook journalism is when reporters or news organizations pay sources for information, and for a variety of reasons most news outlets frown on such practices or ban them outright. The Society of Professional Journalists, a group that promotes ethical standards in journalism, says checkbook journalism is wrong and shouldnt be used—ever. Andy Schotz, chairman of the SPJs ethics committee, says paying a source for information or an interview immediately puts the credibility of the information they provide in doubt. Exchanging money when youre looking for information from a source changes the nature of the relationship between the reporter and the source, Schotz says. It calls into question whether theyre talking to you because its the right thing to do or because theyre getting money. Schotz says reporters thinking about paying sources for information should ask themselves: Will a paid source tell you the truth, or tell you what you want to hear? Paying sources creates other problems. By paying a source you now have a business relationship with someone youre trying to cover objectively, Schotz says. Youve created a conflict of interest in the process. Schotz says most news organizations have policies against checkbook journalism. But lately there seems to be a trend to try to make a distinction between paying for an interview and paying for something else. This seems to be especially true for TV news divisions, a number of which have paid for exclusive interviews or photographs (see below). Full Disclosure is Important Schotz says if a news outlet does pay a source, they should disclose that to their readers or viewers. If theres a conflict of interest, then what should come next is explaining it in detail, letting viewers know you had a separate relationship other than just that of a journalist and a source, Schotz says. Schotz admits that news organizations not wanting to be scooped on a story might resort to checkbook journalism, but he adds: Competition doesnt give you license to cross ethical boundaries. Schotz advice for aspiring journalists? Dont pay for interviews. Dont give sources gifts of any kind. Dont try to exchange something of value in return for getting a sources comments or information or access to them. Journalists and sources shouldnt have any other relationship other than the one involved in gathering news. Here are some examples of checkbook journalism, according to the SPJ: ABC News paid $200,000 to Casey Anthony, the Florida woman accused of killing her 2-year-old daughter, Caylee, for exclusive rights to videos and pictures that ran on the network and its website. Earlier ABC had paid for Caylee Anthonys grandparents to stay three nights at a hotel as part of the networks plan to interview them.CBS News reportedly agreed to pay Caylee Anthonys grandparents $20,000 as a licensing fee to participate in the networks news coverage.ABC paid for Pennsylvania resident Anthony Rakoczy to pick up his daughter in Florida after a fake kidnapping attempt and for return plane tickets for Rakoczy and his daughter. ABC covered the trip and disclosed the free air travel.NBC News provided a chartered jet for New Jersey resident David Goldman and his son to fly home from Brazil after a custody battle. NBC got an exclusive interview with Goldman and video footage during that private jet ride.CNN paid $10,000 for the rights to an image taken by Jasper Schuringa, the Dutc h citizen who overpowered an alleged Christmas Day bomber on a flight from Amsterdam to Detroit. CNN also got an exclusive interview with Schuringa.

Stephens College GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores

A Good Idea For The Green Party - 1245 Words

There is clear evidence that invasive species of plants and animals can cause grave consequences to native organisms. Charles Mann talks about this a lot in his book 1493, and provides his readers with several examples of this problem. Some people believe that strict laws should be enforced when it comes to the movement of plants, animals, and people between distant places. I’m an environmental-friendly person and even support the Green Party, but I completely disagree with this. I realize that this problem exists, but I do not believe that strictly enforcing laws against the movement of live organisms is a good idea. I believe that we should loosely limit and control organisms being moved. In Charles Mann’s book, 1493, he talks about several problems throughout the world including the movement of organisms from one location to a foreign location. One example that Mann provides his readers with was, worms killing terraces in Ifugao (Mann 495). The worm species Pheretima and Polypheretima are invading terraces and killing them because of their hungry appetite. These giant earthworms came from oversees and can grow up to two feet in size. They leave huge tunnels and water sluices out of them, killing the rice plants at the same time (Mann 495). These worms are causing the terraces to become porous and sponge-like, which should never be terms used for a terrace. Another example that Mann uses is, the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) which was sent to Taiwan fromShow MoreRelatedThe Green Parties Primary Goal929 Words   |  4 PagesThe Green Parties primary goal is to help state parties, but they’re committed to many other things to help better the environment for the people. They’re committed to environmental wisdom, peace, social justice, and grassroots organizing. They care a lot about the environment and economy because they both affect the citizens in a variety of ways; the people are their main priority. The Green Party i s democratic so all their focus goes straight for the good of the public, every decision, every donationRead MoreKent P. Mesplay : The Run For The Presidency713 Words   |  3 PagesDiego county as an air quality inspector with the air pollution control district. Green party involvement, Mesplay is active locally and on the state and national levels. He was elected treasures of the green party country of the green party county council San Diego. Dr. Kent Mesplay is a â€Å"Cultural Creative†, born in a Rain forest, and raised on ideas of science. Kent has been a registered member of the green party in 1995. An understated over-achiever. Kent was track athlete all the way throughRead MoreComment on Fitzgerald’s Initial Presentation of Gatsby’s829 Words   |  4 PagesGatsby’s character. (Up until Chapter 4) Support your ideas with detail from the novel. Fitzgerald’s initial presentation of Gatsby’s character is described by an excruciating amount of imagery. In this context, Fitzgerald applies an extensive use of language, to convey the mystery within Gatsby’s faà §ade. At the beginning of the extract, Fitzgerald presents Gatsby as a phantom, lurking in the darkness, â€Å"figure†¦ trembling†¦ single green light.† The author uses the word â€Å"figure†; this suggestsRead MoreA Fluid Mosaic Of Color1171 Words   |  5 PagesFitzgerald’s masterpiece, The Great Gatsby, follows the story of Jay Gatsby, a man who personifies the American Dream. The narrator of the novel is Gatsby s neighbor, Nick Carraway, who is connected with all the main characters and has the ability to see the good in Gatsby. Through the focus of Nick, a man with a fairly nondescript background, a story of corruption, illusion and desperate desire unfolds. 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From nearly all the colors on the rainbow to the color grey, there is a connection between these buried meanings behind all of the colors. Green is the most important color throughout the book because of special meanings and roles it plays on all of the characters. The color green relates to wealth and s uccess on almost all of the characters. Gatsby is the one who brings this color to life and connects with it to show how it takes part in this story. AlthoughRead MoreHigher Modern Studies - AMS vs FPTP994 Words   |  4 Pagesmore choice and better representation than FPTP, and in order to assess the validity of this argument 3 key indicators must be analysed: constituency links; proportionality and representation of smaller parties. Proportionality is a key factor in assessing the fairness of a voting system, if a parties number of votes is not equal or close to their number of seats in parliament then the voters’ are being misrepresented. AMS is a PR system, which results in a party’s percentage of votes being more inRead MoreFailure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1020 Words   |  4 Pages Failure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby The American dream is the idea that was presented through American literature. The Dreamer aspires to rise from rags to riches, while engrossing in such things as wealth, love on his way to the top and to West Egg. In 1920’s early settler’s rooted to the United States Declaration of Independence who demonstrates that â€Å"All men are equal†. The dream of a land that life can be better place that is richer and fuller for every man that gives

Americas role in WW2 free essay sample

Adolf Hitler killed six million Jews in Europe between the years 1933 and 1945. Hitler, however, could not do this without help. American laws and policies made escape to America nearly impossible, and her silence emboldened the Nazis to continue the persecution of European Jewry. The Zionist organization displaying excessive loyalty to England, their rulers in Israel, hampered many rescue missions. I accuse these countries and organizations of being partners in crime with Nazi Germany. By their silence, and by their conduct they helped kill many millions of Jews. America, Zionism, and Germany killed six million Jews in Europe between the years 1933 and 1945. America’s Role in the Holocaust A Review of policies and attitudes of the American government that allowed the final solution to take place. In 1544 the rabid anti-Semite and founding father of the Protestant Church, Martin Luther, published his book Von den Juden und Ihren Luegen (On the Jews and their Lies). We will write a custom essay sample on Americas role in WW2 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In it he called for the destruction of Jewish homes and businesses. Richard Wagner, crown of Germany’s society is quoted in the Nazi film, â€Å"Der Ewige Jude,† (Fritz Hippler, 1940) as saying â€Å"The Jew is the demon behind the corruption of mankind. † It seems fair to say that anti-Semitism held a prominent place in German culture, and needed only a spark to set off what lay dormant for many years. Germany, after World War One was in shambles, with its economy a joke and inflation driving the general public to poverty. It was in this atmosphere that Adolf Hitler entered politics in the year 1919. Hitler in Mein Kampf (chapter 12) describes his quick ascension through the Labor party ranks, eventually forming his own party called National Socialist Labor Party which held its first large formal meeting on February 20, 1920. In 1933 Hitler rose to power and kept it until Germany’s downfall in 1945. During these twelve years the world changed drastically and the course of Jewish history was forever altered. Hitler’s Rise to Power Hitler attempted to gain leadership of Germany earlier, but was not successful until January 30, 1933. This win was the result of obtaining 44% of the national vote combined with another 8% from another party so that Hitler had a 16 seat majority in the Reichstag1. In March of that year the Reichstag, almost unanimously, voted itself out of power leaving Hitler as the absolute leader of the country. Hitler, in Mein Kampf, wrote all his plans and outlook, and after reading it, it is obvious that all was planned and known before2. One of his most significant viewpoints is that there be a single supreme leader. He writes: At a time when the majority dominates everywhere else a movement which is based on the principle of one leader who has to bear personal responsibility for the direction of the official acts of the movement itself will one day overthrow the present situation and triumph over the existing regime. That is a mathematical certainty. (p. 390) Arthur D. Morse in his book While Six Million Died (1969) quotes the U. S. ambassador to Germany as writing to Washington that â€Å"Democracy in Germany has received a blow from which it may never recover† (p.89). Over the next couple of months, then years, anti-Semitic laws grew increasingly harsh and racism escalated. Whereas episodes of anti-Semitic violence once occurred in the dark of night, it now became the norm for Jews to be attacked on their way to work or while coming back from school. The government organized boycotts on Jewish businesses, and defacements were a common sight. Throughout April and May of that year the professional class of Jews was all but gone. Morse (1969) expresses the harshness of these laws. The Nazi technique for outlawing the Jews economically began with the destruction of the professional classes and worked its way down to the humblest citizen. Within three months after the law’s3 enactment, more than 30,000 heads of families representing 100000 individuals had been deprived of a living. (p. 126) The infamous Nuremburg laws climaxed the impossibility for the continued living conditions of Jews in Germany. The spreading of anti-Semitism through widespread propaganda was extremely extensive as it was well thought out. Children’s books such as The Poisonous Mushroom, and Don’t Trust a Fox in the Meadow, were written as educational tools to safeguard the purity of the Aryan population. Government issued radios were sold for the cheap price of 76 Reich marks to broadcast Hitler’s speeches. 4 Loudspeakers were placed throughout the city streets prior to each speech or rally. There was no escape from the pervasive force of anti-Semitism. As Joseph Goebbels said The essence of propaganda consists in winning people over to an idea so sincerely, so vitally, that in the end they succumb to it utterly and can never escape from it. Such was the rise of Hitler to power in 1933. Such was the anti-Semitism that followed. Silent Bystanders Two weeks after Hitler’s rise to power in Germany, Franklin D. Roosevelt was inaugurated as president of the United States. The most urgent of responsibilities which fell on him were not foreign matters, but dealing with the great depression at home. FDR, as he came to be known earned himself much adoration for the early action he took to stop the plummeting of the economy. Although his alphabet soup programs, as they became known, were slightly controversial, everyone admired his boldness in taking action. The president’s friend, Rabbi Stephen Wise, was a Reform Rabbi and probably the most influential one in America at the time. He headed the American Jewish Congress one of the most powerful Jewish organizations of the time. When the racist laws started the initial response, Morse writes, was â€Å"to wait and see† hoping the torrent of anti-Semitism would slow (p. 126). When it didn’t the general American public demanded that some form of formal warning be given to the Germans5. The only protest actually given was in regard to the mistreatment of American citizens. About the general condition of Europe’s Jews, Secretary of state Cordell Hull, in a letter dated march 28, 1933 wrote to a Jewish delegation, â€Å"A reply has now been received [from Nazi Herman Goring] indicating that whereas there was for a short time considerable physical mistreatment of Jews, this phase may be considered virtually terminated. † This answer was trusted in the face of much evidence. In response to requests of American protest the secretary wrote â€Å"I am of the opinion that outside intercession has rarely produced the results desired and has frequently aggravated the situation. † This answer was, in different variations, the general approach of American policy until 1938. (While Six Million Died p. 93) Silent Brethren In the year 1917 the English announced in the famous Balfour Declaration â€Å"Let us give the Jews a homeland,† and in the pact of 1925 they proclaimed â€Å"Let Britain prepare a homeland for the Jews in Palestine. † Now, in these times of sorrow, the princes of Israel such as Chaim Weizmann, Eliezer ben Yehuda, and other leaders of Zionism like them had a decision to make. To whom would their loyalties lie? Now that they were the ones in power, for they were the spokesmen of Zionism to England, would they bring as many Jews to Palestine, or thinking of the best interests of England would they discourage them from coming6? Ben Hecht (Perfidy, 1999) quotes the tragic decision made by the leader of Zionism, the leader of world Jewry. Dr. Weizmann, addressing the 480 Zionist delegates, fifteen hundred visitors, two hundred press correspondents from all corners of the earth, and official foreign representatives from a score of nations, had this to say: â€Å"I told the British Royal Commission that the hopes of Europe’s six million Jews were centered on emigration. I was asked, ‘Can you bring six million Jews to Palestine? ’ I replied, ‘No. ’ . . . The old ones will pass. They will bear their fate or they will not. They were dust, economic and moral dust in a cruel world. . . . Only a branch shall survive. . . . They had to accept it . If they feel and suffer they will find the way—beachareth hajamin—in the fullness of time . . . I pray that we may preserve our national unity, for it is all we have. † In Jewish tradition, the Hebrew phrase Weizmann used, â€Å"beachareth hajamin,† meant that â€Å"When the Messiah comes, all the Dead will be revived. † (p. 20) These words spoken in 1937 are the clear plan of the main branch of Zionism, the type that influenced British policy in Israel, to abandon them when war were to break out. We can therefore appreciate the tragedy of the Jews in Germany in 1933 until 1939. The doors to Israel were closed long before the infamous white paper of 1939 was issued. America’s Golden Door Closes7 In the beginning of the 20th century the United States was inundated with many immigrants from Poland, Russia, Austria, Hungary, Italy, and Rumania. These were a new type of immigrant, the poor one. Morse (1969) notes the how each group kept to themselves instead of melting into the society of Americans. â€Å"Unlike most of the earlier immigrants, who had dispersed throughout the nation, they [the new immigrants] settled in the cities. They remained identifiable groups . . . alarmed the labor organizations† (p. 110). Because of this a quota on how many immigrants were allowed to enter was put into effect. In 1929 the quota was set at 153,774 people, 83,575 of which was reserved for Great Britain and Ireland. Two more laws were enacted in 1924 which made it hard for immigrants to enter. One was a law requiring a sponsor so as to ensure that the immigrant be supported and not become a public charge. Another law demanded a letter of recommendation from the city of origins police as to the upright character of the emigre. While these laws are reasonable in normal times, in times of genocide they must be compromised. These laws were not at all changed. It is quite inconceivable how a Jew of those times would be able to get this letter. Additionally, to stop people from leaving Germany, laws limiting the amount of money one may take with them were put into effect. They essentially used the American law to facilitate their evil scheme. Anyone thinking of leaving would automatically be considered a public charge by America. In 1940 just as matters were heating up, FDR appointed Breckinridge Long to head the state department, putting all immigration or foreign visiting matters in his hands. Long was a known anti-Semite and admirer of Mussolini and his fascist government. This did not bode well for Jews looking too escape. They stood almost no chance of being allowed to enter the U. S. Morse (1969) sums up the official outlook against changing the quota system. Five days [after kristalnacht] later, at a white house press conference, a reporter asked the president, â€Å"Would you recommend a relaxation of our immigration policies so that Jewish refugees could be received in this country? â€Å"That is not in contemplation† replied the president â€Å"we have the quota system. † The U. S. not only insisted upon its immigration laws . . . but administered it with severity and callousness. (p. 124) There was nowhere to go. Hecht (Perfidy, 1999) ties all of the above. He explains how the Germans had tested their theory that nobody cared or wanted the Jews. This is why they started relatively slowly and increased their harshness as times went on and they were proven correct. In the late 1930’s, the Germans began to test this discovery. The S. S. started beating up Jews in Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt, Cologne, and other towns. Then they tried killing a few hundred here and there. Their hunch was upheld. The killing of Jews, openly and brutally, produced no moral thunder or even noticeable objection—not from the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia. And not even from world Jewry. The Jewish Agency and World Zionism were officially silent. (p. 92) The Germans were free to do what they want. There was no escape. All doors were locked, all eyes shut, and ears oblivious to the tears shed and the disaster to come. Partners of the Final Solution Adolf Eichmann, one of the top Nazis in charge of liquidating ghettos and other grisly projects, wrote in a memoir which was found later and published in Life magazine â€Å"In 1941, the Fuhrer himself ordered the physical annihilation of the Jewish enemy. The method of the liquidation was prussic acid contained in Zyklon B gas. The days of the primitive shooting of victims was over, although it killed one million over its time. The systematic killing machine was about to begin. Gerhardt Reigner, secretary of the Geneva branch of the World Jewish Congress sent a cable to multiple recipients including the U. S. and British governments, and central headquarters of the World Jewish Congress. The cable read: Received alarming report stating that, in the Fuehrers Headquarters, a plan has been discussed, and is under consideration, according to which all Jews in countries occupied or controlled by Germany numbering 3? to 4 million should, after deportation and concentration in the East, be at one blow exterminated, in order to resolve, once and for all the Jewish question in Europe. Action is reported to be planned for the autumn. Ways of execution are still being discussed including the use of prussic acid. We transmit this information with all the necessary reservation, as exactitude cannot be confirmed by us. Our informant is reported to have close connections with the highest German authorities, and his reports are generally reliable. Please inform and consult New York. (While Six Million Died, p. 13) When this communication reached Rabbi Stephen Wise on August 28 he immediately approached his friend, the president. The president told him he was â€Å"profoundly shocked† and assured him that â€Å"the U. S. and allies will take every step to end the crimes and save those who might yet be saved. † He told Wise, however, that â€Å"the mills of the G-ds grind slowly. † An amazing answer to an urgent request, at the same time expressing his wish to help, and also explaining his limitations. After this Wise fully cooperated with FDR, not raising any sort of outcry. Hecht (1999) records the refusal of general zionism to utilize their money for rescue operations, even as the extermination was already confirmed beyond doubt. Itzchak Greenbaum, chief of the Rescue Committee of the Jewish Agency, announced in Tel Aviv in 1943, â€Å"When they asked me, couldn’t you give money out of United Jewish Appeal funds for the rescue of Jews in Europe, I said, ‘No! ’ And I say again, ‘No! ’ In my opinion one should resist this wave which pushes the Zionist activities to secondary importance. †(p. 50) A smaller group of American Jews, realizing how nothing was being done, arranged for rallies and mass protests, and prominent newspaper spreads to inform the free world what was known and being witheld. Peter Bergson, formerly Hillel Kook, was the main driving force of this small group. Louis Rappaport writes (Shake Heaven and Earth, 1999) â€Å"On Dec. 27, 1942 the [protest] proclamation and its huge list of sponsors appeared as a two page spread in the New York Times . It was signed by 27 senators 20 governors . . . † Rappaport (chapter 6) recounts the deepseated hatred that Wise had for Bergson and his cronies even going so far as to regard him as â€Å"equally as great an enemy of the Jews as hitler. 8† It is because of this hatred that this group was unable to save anyone, although awareness was raised, and perhaps as an indirect result of their efforts the war refugee board started in 1944, although the connection is undocumented. Hecht gives another reason for their lack of success. The notables on our roster were sufficient seemingly to sweep any cause to victory. That they didn’t was due to two factors—our notables were not all of them on our side all the time. They came and went, like volunteer firemen. And the Jewish respectables outnumbered us. However many senators . . . the Jewish respectables could come up with five times as many. And not volunteer firemen, but full-time affiliates. (p. 190) The result of these main evils of American silence and immigration laws, and official Judaism’s carelessness, is the death of nearly six million Jews9. Although I cannot be so bold to state that most of the six million could have been saved, it is obvious that many more would have been saved if the â€Å"important Jews† would have worked with the unimportant ones. If idealism of Zionism would have been shelved for just a short time, many more Jews might have survived. However, Eichmann (â€Å"Eichmann Confessions† Life Magazine 1960), wrote of Kastner, the protagonist of Ben Hecht’s Perfidy, â€Å"I understand Kastner [for helping the Nazis and deserting the Jews in favor of Zionism], he is an idealist like I am. † This is the sad, tragic, and unvoiced story of the Final Solution.