The Epic Poem, Beowulf - Vengeance and Revenge in Beowulf Essay

Retribution and Revenge in Beowulf  The most seasoned of the incredible protracted sonnets written in English and maybe the solitary overcomer of a sort of Anglo-Saxon legends, Beowulf, was composed by an obscure Christian writer at a date that is just estimated.â Even in this way, it is an exceptional account story wherein the artist revitalizes the courageous language, style, and estimations of Germanic oral poetry.â He interlaces various subjects including great and insidiousness, youth and mature age, agnosticism and Christianity and the gallant perfect code, into his primary story and various diversions and scenes; which were all critical to his crowd at the time.â Vengeance, some portion of the chivalrous code, was respected contrastingly by the two particular religions.â Christianity instructs to pardon the individuals who trespass against us, while in the agnostic world, retribution is regular and not considered a malice act.â In Beowulf, the antiquated German saying vengeance doesn't long remain unre venged is carefully clung to and confirms that vengeance is a piece of agnostic custom. Two human connections were profoundly noteworthy to the Germanic society.â The most significant, the connection between the warrior and his master depended on a typical trust and respect.â The warrior pledges devotion to his ruler and serves and protects him and thusly the master deals with the warrior and prizes him extravagantly for his valour.â The second human relationship was between kinsmen.â As Baker and Ogilvy recommend, a unique type of dependability was associated with the blood fight. (P.107)â If one of his family had been killed, a man had a moral commitment either to slaughter the slayer or to correct the installment of wergild in compensation.â The cost was resolved upon the position or economic wellbeing of the person in question... ... see was tit for tat, if a man executes your family you accurate revenge.â in actuality, the Christian view was increasingly similar to as Mohandas Gandhi said tit for tat just winds up making the entire world blind.â Christians trusted God would certainty make the right decision and would prefer to choose not to retaliate then have it bring about more blood and murder.â Throughout the sonnet, the artist endeavors to suit these two arrangements of values.â Though he is Christian, he can't invalidate the major agnostic estimations of the account story. Works Cited and Consulted: Abrams, M.H., ed.â Beowulf: The Norton Anthology of English Literature.â New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc., 2001.â Pastry specialist, Donald C. what's more, J.D.A. Ogilvy.â Reading Beowulf.â Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1983. Duke, James W.â Thinking About Beowulf.â Stanford: Stanford University Press: 1994.

Do Female Representatives Make a Difference Women Full

Edmund Heery and John Kelly (1988) completed a concentrated research to determine the conflict rotating around viability of ladies portrayal. The discussion encompassing ladies portrayal has fuelled extreme discussion on whether ladies portrayal makes an alternate or not. Both hero and adversary have over and again raised veering sentiment on the need of ladies representation.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Do Female Representatives Make a Difference? Ladies Full-Time Officials and Trade Union Work explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although, ladies portrayal is moderately high in present day world contrasted with the old days, their job is a greater amount of ladies agent than that of aggregate bartering. In any case, while some rival discredits the adequacy of ladies delegates, the rival declares that men can advocate the aggregate requirements for the two sexes all the more advantageously. As of late, the quantity of ladies delegate has exp anded to contention the extent of ladies in the worker's guild. The expansion in ladies portrayal has adjusted the impression of worker's guilds as well as moved the concentration above compensation additions to include on sex issue. The emphasis has strengthened on female issues, for example, equivalent compensation, parental leave, inappropriate behavior and ladies heath. Expectedly, these issues were given low need in most old occasions (particularly in men overwhelmed associations) however the pattern is by all accounts accusing of consideration of ladies agents. Notwithstanding increment in ladies portrayal, ladies prominence among their kindred ladies has stayed low. From the exploration that was led, results uncovered that most ladies favor naming men delegates contrasted with the female partners. Further, discoveries show that more than 80 percent of the ladies accept ladies FTO champions â€Å"woman issues† (Heery and Kelly, 1988). Furthermore, more perception uncove rs that ladies portrayal stays low in spite of ladies dynamic investment. Then again, ladies portrayal has been overwhelming in huge associations contrasted with the littler associations. Regardless of their cooperation in enormous associations, the couple of these ladies possess the pinnacle of the association. For example, just 5 percent of the ladies agent involved senior situation in senior position. While just two were general agent, in 1987 out of the 8 general secretaries just three were senior secretaries (Heery and Kelly, 1988).Advertising Looking for paper on history? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The article further uncovers that men can do jobs done by ladies all the more easily. By and large, ladies think that its hard to advance fairness by their own effort and in this manner they require outer endeavors to advance their government assistance and improve their exhibitions. While ladies need to utilize their own endeavors to advance equity, 84 percent of the ladies feel ladies have a significant distance to cover before arriving at fairness. In any case, most laborers have begun acknowledging ladies portrayal in the worker's guild exercises. In 1980, just 12 percent held an opposite assessment over ladies exhibitions while a challenging 88 percent confirmed their help for ladies (Heery and Kelly, 1988). Along these lines, ladies portrayal in worker's organization has brought another measurement an excessively extraordinary methodology in direct and extent of approach. The contention introduced in the article is substantial remembering the affectability of sexual orientation issues and the general employees’ organization. I absolutely bolster the proof introduced by the creator since they spoke to the circumstance at the ground. By and large, rather than ladies supporting for aggregate deal, they will in general concentrate to sexual orientation gives subsequently having an increasin gly one-sided approach in their administration (Heery and Kelly, 1988). I firmly bolster the discoveries of the article since the exploration was done over a few worker's guilds through real research rather speculative suppositions. The creator top to bottom research approves his finding for speculation and application in a more extensive point of view. In any case, at it develops is assumption that ladies are a greater amount of ladies delegate to general government assistance skewer headers. Reference List Heery, E. what's more, Kelly, J. (1988) â€Å"Do Female Representatives Make a Difference? Ladies Full-Time Officials and Trade Union Work,† Work, Employment and Society, 2(4) 487-505 This paper on Do Female Representatives Make a Difference? Ladies Full-Time Officials and Trade Union Work was composed and put together by client Alianna E. to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

What Is A Thought Paper?

What Is A Thought Paper?A Thought Paper is a succinct outline that summarizes the entire project and covers the various points and needs that may be of interest to the reader. This will be something that a writer will write as a summary for his project. For this reason, it is a great way to ensure that the details are covered and there is no point in going into too much detail on something that is already written out.Since there is an outline at the start, it allows a writer to use this to ensure that the information is covered and then some and is left to the additional items to come later. It can be a useful starting point to make sure that all the points are covered. A good writer will use the paper to ensure that the various aspects of the project are covered in the same order.An online resource can help you through a thought paper and lay out everything so that the detail is covered. They are usually brief and offer short summaries of each topic. They can also be used to build o n a particular aspect so that it is covered in the actual draft or outline.The outline makes the idea of writing a formal presentation easy to do. It is a good idea to focus on the important areas first and then fill in the details. By doing this, the presentation will be more in order and ready to go.If the paper is to be formal, it is best to follow the outline until the title is complete. The title should relate to the overall topic and how the presentation should proceed. For example, it would be very difficult to write a paper on marketing strategies if the title does not have to do with marketing itself.While it is always a good idea to choose the topic that will relate to the idea of the paper, it is also important to choose the title based on how it sounds. For example, a title like 'Artificial Intelligence' is not as interesting as 'Human Vs Artificial Intelligence'. Choosing a title based on how it sounds rather than on how it relates to the topic is important. Writing a t hought paper for a business idea or in any other situation where the title cannot easily be related to the topic is a bad idea.When writing an outline, there are many things to take into consideration. For example, there is no need to include every detail that is needed to be included. Just the essentials are needed to give the reader a good idea of what will be written. Since a thought paper is a brief overview of the overall idea, this is enough.With the outline, there is no need to include every detail of the overall idea and project. The details can be left until the project itself. If the author does not want to spend time covering all the details, he can use a list of items that must be covered before anything else is added. There is a reason why many professionals, including those who work in sales, use an outline.

Why You Should Avoid Checkbook Journalism

Checkbook journalism is when reporters or news organizations pay sources for information, and for a variety of reasons most news outlets frown on such practices or ban them outright. The Society of Professional Journalists, a group that promotes ethical standards in journalism, says checkbook journalism is wrong and shouldnt be used—ever. Andy Schotz, chairman of the SPJs ethics committee, says paying a source for information or an interview immediately puts the credibility of the information they provide in doubt. Exchanging money when youre looking for information from a source changes the nature of the relationship between the reporter and the source, Schotz says. It calls into question whether theyre talking to you because its the right thing to do or because theyre getting money. Schotz says reporters thinking about paying sources for information should ask themselves: Will a paid source tell you the truth, or tell you what you want to hear? Paying sources creates other problems. By paying a source you now have a business relationship with someone youre trying to cover objectively, Schotz says. Youve created a conflict of interest in the process. Schotz says most news organizations have policies against checkbook journalism. But lately there seems to be a trend to try to make a distinction between paying for an interview and paying for something else. This seems to be especially true for TV news divisions, a number of which have paid for exclusive interviews or photographs (see below). Full Disclosure is Important Schotz says if a news outlet does pay a source, they should disclose that to their readers or viewers. If theres a conflict of interest, then what should come next is explaining it in detail, letting viewers know you had a separate relationship other than just that of a journalist and a source, Schotz says. Schotz admits that news organizations not wanting to be scooped on a story might resort to checkbook journalism, but he adds: Competition doesnt give you license to cross ethical boundaries. Schotz advice for aspiring journalists? Dont pay for interviews. Dont give sources gifts of any kind. Dont try to exchange something of value in return for getting a sources comments or information or access to them. Journalists and sources shouldnt have any other relationship other than the one involved in gathering news. Here are some examples of checkbook journalism, according to the SPJ: ABC News paid $200,000 to Casey Anthony, the Florida woman accused of killing her 2-year-old daughter, Caylee, for exclusive rights to videos and pictures that ran on the network and its website. Earlier ABC had paid for Caylee Anthonys grandparents to stay three nights at a hotel as part of the networks plan to interview them.CBS News reportedly agreed to pay Caylee Anthonys grandparents $20,000 as a licensing fee to participate in the networks news coverage.ABC paid for Pennsylvania resident Anthony Rakoczy to pick up his daughter in Florida after a fake kidnapping attempt and for return plane tickets for Rakoczy and his daughter. ABC covered the trip and disclosed the free air travel.NBC News provided a chartered jet for New Jersey resident David Goldman and his son to fly home from Brazil after a custody battle. NBC got an exclusive interview with Goldman and video footage during that private jet ride.CNN paid $10,000 for the rights to an image taken by Jasper Schuringa, the Dutc h citizen who overpowered an alleged Christmas Day bomber on a flight from Amsterdam to Detroit. CNN also got an exclusive interview with Schuringa.

Stephens College GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores

A Good Idea For The Green Party - 1245 Words

There is clear evidence that invasive species of plants and animals can cause grave consequences to native organisms. Charles Mann talks about this a lot in his book 1493, and provides his readers with several examples of this problem. Some people believe that strict laws should be enforced when it comes to the movement of plants, animals, and people between distant places. I’m an environmental-friendly person and even support the Green Party, but I completely disagree with this. I realize that this problem exists, but I do not believe that strictly enforcing laws against the movement of live organisms is a good idea. I believe that we should loosely limit and control organisms being moved. In Charles Mann’s book, 1493, he talks about several problems throughout the world including the movement of organisms from one location to a foreign location. One example that Mann provides his readers with was, worms killing terraces in Ifugao (Mann 495). The worm species Pheretima and Polypheretima are invading terraces and killing them because of their hungry appetite. These giant earthworms came from oversees and can grow up to two feet in size. They leave huge tunnels and water sluices out of them, killing the rice plants at the same time (Mann 495). These worms are causing the terraces to become porous and sponge-like, which should never be terms used for a terrace. Another example that Mann uses is, the golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) which was sent to Taiwan fromShow MoreRelatedThe Green Parties Primary Goal929 Words   |  4 PagesThe Green Parties primary goal is to help state parties, but they’re committed to many other things to help better the environment for the people. They’re committed to environmental wisdom, peace, social justice, and grassroots organizing. They care a lot about the environment and economy because they both affect the citizens in a variety of ways; the people are their main priority. The Green Party i s democratic so all their focus goes straight for the good of the public, every decision, every donationRead MoreKent P. Mesplay : The Run For The Presidency713 Words   |  3 PagesDiego county as an air quality inspector with the air pollution control district. Green party involvement, Mesplay is active locally and on the state and national levels. He was elected treasures of the green party country of the green party county council San Diego. Dr. Kent Mesplay is a â€Å"Cultural Creative†, born in a Rain forest, and raised on ideas of science. Kent has been a registered member of the green party in 1995. An understated over-achiever. Kent was track athlete all the way throughRead MoreComment on Fitzgerald’s Initial Presentation of Gatsby’s829 Words   |  4 PagesGatsby’s character. (Up until Chapter 4) Support your ideas with detail from the novel. Fitzgerald’s initial presentation of Gatsby’s character is described by an excruciating amount of imagery. In this context, Fitzgerald applies an extensive use of language, to convey the mystery within Gatsby’s faà §ade. At the beginning of the extract, Fitzgerald presents Gatsby as a phantom, lurking in the darkness, â€Å"figure†¦ trembling†¦ single green light.† The author uses the word â€Å"figure†; this suggestsRead MoreA Fluid Mosaic Of Color1171 Words   |  5 PagesFitzgerald’s masterpiece, The Great Gatsby, follows the story of Jay Gatsby, a man who personifies the American Dream. The narrator of the novel is Gatsby s neighbor, Nick Carraway, who is connected with all the main characters and has the ability to see the good in Gatsby. Through the focus of Nick, a man with a fairly nondescript background, a story of corruption, illusion and desperate desire unfolds. 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From nearly all the colors on the rainbow to the color grey, there is a connection between these buried meanings behind all of the colors. Green is the most important color throughout the book because of special meanings and roles it plays on all of the characters. The color green relates to wealth and s uccess on almost all of the characters. Gatsby is the one who brings this color to life and connects with it to show how it takes part in this story. AlthoughRead MoreHigher Modern Studies - AMS vs FPTP994 Words   |  4 Pagesmore choice and better representation than FPTP, and in order to assess the validity of this argument 3 key indicators must be analysed: constituency links; proportionality and representation of smaller parties. Proportionality is a key factor in assessing the fairness of a voting system, if a parties number of votes is not equal or close to their number of seats in parliament then the voters’ are being misrepresented. AMS is a PR system, which results in a party’s percentage of votes being more inRead MoreFailure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald1020 Words   |  4 Pages Failure to Achieve the American Dream in The Great Gatsby The American dream is the idea that was presented through American literature. The Dreamer aspires to rise from rags to riches, while engrossing in such things as wealth, love on his way to the top and to West Egg. In 1920’s early settler’s rooted to the United States Declaration of Independence who demonstrates that â€Å"All men are equal†. The dream of a land that life can be better place that is richer and fuller for every man that gives

Americas role in WW2 free essay sample

Adolf Hitler killed six million Jews in Europe between the years 1933 and 1945. Hitler, however, could not do this without help. American laws and policies made escape to America nearly impossible, and her silence emboldened the Nazis to continue the persecution of European Jewry. The Zionist organization displaying excessive loyalty to England, their rulers in Israel, hampered many rescue missions. I accuse these countries and organizations of being partners in crime with Nazi Germany. By their silence, and by their conduct they helped kill many millions of Jews. America, Zionism, and Germany killed six million Jews in Europe between the years 1933 and 1945. America’s Role in the Holocaust A Review of policies and attitudes of the American government that allowed the final solution to take place. In 1544 the rabid anti-Semite and founding father of the Protestant Church, Martin Luther, published his book Von den Juden und Ihren Luegen (On the Jews and their Lies). We will write a custom essay sample on Americas role in WW2 or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In it he called for the destruction of Jewish homes and businesses. Richard Wagner, crown of Germany’s society is quoted in the Nazi film, â€Å"Der Ewige Jude,† (Fritz Hippler, 1940) as saying â€Å"The Jew is the demon behind the corruption of mankind. † It seems fair to say that anti-Semitism held a prominent place in German culture, and needed only a spark to set off what lay dormant for many years. Germany, after World War One was in shambles, with its economy a joke and inflation driving the general public to poverty. It was in this atmosphere that Adolf Hitler entered politics in the year 1919. Hitler in Mein Kampf (chapter 12) describes his quick ascension through the Labor party ranks, eventually forming his own party called National Socialist Labor Party which held its first large formal meeting on February 20, 1920. In 1933 Hitler rose to power and kept it until Germany’s downfall in 1945. During these twelve years the world changed drastically and the course of Jewish history was forever altered. Hitler’s Rise to Power Hitler attempted to gain leadership of Germany earlier, but was not successful until January 30, 1933. This win was the result of obtaining 44% of the national vote combined with another 8% from another party so that Hitler had a 16 seat majority in the Reichstag1. In March of that year the Reichstag, almost unanimously, voted itself out of power leaving Hitler as the absolute leader of the country. Hitler, in Mein Kampf, wrote all his plans and outlook, and after reading it, it is obvious that all was planned and known before2. One of his most significant viewpoints is that there be a single supreme leader. He writes: At a time when the majority dominates everywhere else a movement which is based on the principle of one leader who has to bear personal responsibility for the direction of the official acts of the movement itself will one day overthrow the present situation and triumph over the existing regime. That is a mathematical certainty. (p. 390) Arthur D. Morse in his book While Six Million Died (1969) quotes the U. S. ambassador to Germany as writing to Washington that â€Å"Democracy in Germany has received a blow from which it may never recover† (p.89). Over the next couple of months, then years, anti-Semitic laws grew increasingly harsh and racism escalated. Whereas episodes of anti-Semitic violence once occurred in the dark of night, it now became the norm for Jews to be attacked on their way to work or while coming back from school. The government organized boycotts on Jewish businesses, and defacements were a common sight. Throughout April and May of that year the professional class of Jews was all but gone. Morse (1969) expresses the harshness of these laws. The Nazi technique for outlawing the Jews economically began with the destruction of the professional classes and worked its way down to the humblest citizen. Within three months after the law’s3 enactment, more than 30,000 heads of families representing 100000 individuals had been deprived of a living. (p. 126) The infamous Nuremburg laws climaxed the impossibility for the continued living conditions of Jews in Germany. The spreading of anti-Semitism through widespread propaganda was extremely extensive as it was well thought out. Children’s books such as The Poisonous Mushroom, and Don’t Trust a Fox in the Meadow, were written as educational tools to safeguard the purity of the Aryan population. Government issued radios were sold for the cheap price of 76 Reich marks to broadcast Hitler’s speeches. 4 Loudspeakers were placed throughout the city streets prior to each speech or rally. There was no escape from the pervasive force of anti-Semitism. As Joseph Goebbels said The essence of propaganda consists in winning people over to an idea so sincerely, so vitally, that in the end they succumb to it utterly and can never escape from it. Such was the rise of Hitler to power in 1933. Such was the anti-Semitism that followed. Silent Bystanders Two weeks after Hitler’s rise to power in Germany, Franklin D. Roosevelt was inaugurated as president of the United States. The most urgent of responsibilities which fell on him were not foreign matters, but dealing with the great depression at home. FDR, as he came to be known earned himself much adoration for the early action he took to stop the plummeting of the economy. Although his alphabet soup programs, as they became known, were slightly controversial, everyone admired his boldness in taking action. The president’s friend, Rabbi Stephen Wise, was a Reform Rabbi and probably the most influential one in America at the time. He headed the American Jewish Congress one of the most powerful Jewish organizations of the time. When the racist laws started the initial response, Morse writes, was â€Å"to wait and see† hoping the torrent of anti-Semitism would slow (p. 126). When it didn’t the general American public demanded that some form of formal warning be given to the Germans5. The only protest actually given was in regard to the mistreatment of American citizens. About the general condition of Europe’s Jews, Secretary of state Cordell Hull, in a letter dated march 28, 1933 wrote to a Jewish delegation, â€Å"A reply has now been received [from Nazi Herman Goring] indicating that whereas there was for a short time considerable physical mistreatment of Jews, this phase may be considered virtually terminated. † This answer was trusted in the face of much evidence. In response to requests of American protest the secretary wrote â€Å"I am of the opinion that outside intercession has rarely produced the results desired and has frequently aggravated the situation. † This answer was, in different variations, the general approach of American policy until 1938. (While Six Million Died p. 93) Silent Brethren In the year 1917 the English announced in the famous Balfour Declaration â€Å"Let us give the Jews a homeland,† and in the pact of 1925 they proclaimed â€Å"Let Britain prepare a homeland for the Jews in Palestine. † Now, in these times of sorrow, the princes of Israel such as Chaim Weizmann, Eliezer ben Yehuda, and other leaders of Zionism like them had a decision to make. To whom would their loyalties lie? Now that they were the ones in power, for they were the spokesmen of Zionism to England, would they bring as many Jews to Palestine, or thinking of the best interests of England would they discourage them from coming6? Ben Hecht (Perfidy, 1999) quotes the tragic decision made by the leader of Zionism, the leader of world Jewry. Dr. Weizmann, addressing the 480 Zionist delegates, fifteen hundred visitors, two hundred press correspondents from all corners of the earth, and official foreign representatives from a score of nations, had this to say: â€Å"I told the British Royal Commission that the hopes of Europe’s six million Jews were centered on emigration. I was asked, ‘Can you bring six million Jews to Palestine? ’ I replied, ‘No. ’ . . . The old ones will pass. They will bear their fate or they will not. They were dust, economic and moral dust in a cruel world. . . . Only a branch shall survive. . . . They had to accept it . If they feel and suffer they will find the way—beachareth hajamin—in the fullness of time . . . I pray that we may preserve our national unity, for it is all we have. † In Jewish tradition, the Hebrew phrase Weizmann used, â€Å"beachareth hajamin,† meant that â€Å"When the Messiah comes, all the Dead will be revived. † (p. 20) These words spoken in 1937 are the clear plan of the main branch of Zionism, the type that influenced British policy in Israel, to abandon them when war were to break out. We can therefore appreciate the tragedy of the Jews in Germany in 1933 until 1939. The doors to Israel were closed long before the infamous white paper of 1939 was issued. America’s Golden Door Closes7 In the beginning of the 20th century the United States was inundated with many immigrants from Poland, Russia, Austria, Hungary, Italy, and Rumania. These were a new type of immigrant, the poor one. Morse (1969) notes the how each group kept to themselves instead of melting into the society of Americans. â€Å"Unlike most of the earlier immigrants, who had dispersed throughout the nation, they [the new immigrants] settled in the cities. They remained identifiable groups . . . alarmed the labor organizations† (p. 110). Because of this a quota on how many immigrants were allowed to enter was put into effect. In 1929 the quota was set at 153,774 people, 83,575 of which was reserved for Great Britain and Ireland. Two more laws were enacted in 1924 which made it hard for immigrants to enter. One was a law requiring a sponsor so as to ensure that the immigrant be supported and not become a public charge. Another law demanded a letter of recommendation from the city of origins police as to the upright character of the emigre. While these laws are reasonable in normal times, in times of genocide they must be compromised. These laws were not at all changed. It is quite inconceivable how a Jew of those times would be able to get this letter. Additionally, to stop people from leaving Germany, laws limiting the amount of money one may take with them were put into effect. They essentially used the American law to facilitate their evil scheme. Anyone thinking of leaving would automatically be considered a public charge by America. In 1940 just as matters were heating up, FDR appointed Breckinridge Long to head the state department, putting all immigration or foreign visiting matters in his hands. Long was a known anti-Semite and admirer of Mussolini and his fascist government. This did not bode well for Jews looking too escape. They stood almost no chance of being allowed to enter the U. S. Morse (1969) sums up the official outlook against changing the quota system. Five days [after kristalnacht] later, at a white house press conference, a reporter asked the president, â€Å"Would you recommend a relaxation of our immigration policies so that Jewish refugees could be received in this country? â€Å"That is not in contemplation† replied the president â€Å"we have the quota system. † The U. S. not only insisted upon its immigration laws . . . but administered it with severity and callousness. (p. 124) There was nowhere to go. Hecht (Perfidy, 1999) ties all of the above. He explains how the Germans had tested their theory that nobody cared or wanted the Jews. This is why they started relatively slowly and increased their harshness as times went on and they were proven correct. In the late 1930’s, the Germans began to test this discovery. The S. S. started beating up Jews in Berlin, Munich, Frankfurt, Cologne, and other towns. Then they tried killing a few hundred here and there. Their hunch was upheld. The killing of Jews, openly and brutally, produced no moral thunder or even noticeable objection—not from the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia. And not even from world Jewry. The Jewish Agency and World Zionism were officially silent. (p. 92) The Germans were free to do what they want. There was no escape. All doors were locked, all eyes shut, and ears oblivious to the tears shed and the disaster to come. Partners of the Final Solution Adolf Eichmann, one of the top Nazis in charge of liquidating ghettos and other grisly projects, wrote in a memoir which was found later and published in Life magazine â€Å"In 1941, the Fuhrer himself ordered the physical annihilation of the Jewish enemy. The method of the liquidation was prussic acid contained in Zyklon B gas. The days of the primitive shooting of victims was over, although it killed one million over its time. The systematic killing machine was about to begin. Gerhardt Reigner, secretary of the Geneva branch of the World Jewish Congress sent a cable to multiple recipients including the U. S. and British governments, and central headquarters of the World Jewish Congress. The cable read: Received alarming report stating that, in the Fuehrers Headquarters, a plan has been discussed, and is under consideration, according to which all Jews in countries occupied or controlled by Germany numbering 3? to 4 million should, after deportation and concentration in the East, be at one blow exterminated, in order to resolve, once and for all the Jewish question in Europe. Action is reported to be planned for the autumn. Ways of execution are still being discussed including the use of prussic acid. We transmit this information with all the necessary reservation, as exactitude cannot be confirmed by us. Our informant is reported to have close connections with the highest German authorities, and his reports are generally reliable. Please inform and consult New York. (While Six Million Died, p. 13) When this communication reached Rabbi Stephen Wise on August 28 he immediately approached his friend, the president. The president told him he was â€Å"profoundly shocked† and assured him that â€Å"the U. S. and allies will take every step to end the crimes and save those who might yet be saved. † He told Wise, however, that â€Å"the mills of the G-ds grind slowly. † An amazing answer to an urgent request, at the same time expressing his wish to help, and also explaining his limitations. After this Wise fully cooperated with FDR, not raising any sort of outcry. Hecht (1999) records the refusal of general zionism to utilize their money for rescue operations, even as the extermination was already confirmed beyond doubt. Itzchak Greenbaum, chief of the Rescue Committee of the Jewish Agency, announced in Tel Aviv in 1943, â€Å"When they asked me, couldn’t you give money out of United Jewish Appeal funds for the rescue of Jews in Europe, I said, ‘No! ’ And I say again, ‘No! ’ In my opinion one should resist this wave which pushes the Zionist activities to secondary importance. †(p. 50) A smaller group of American Jews, realizing how nothing was being done, arranged for rallies and mass protests, and prominent newspaper spreads to inform the free world what was known and being witheld. Peter Bergson, formerly Hillel Kook, was the main driving force of this small group. Louis Rappaport writes (Shake Heaven and Earth, 1999) â€Å"On Dec. 27, 1942 the [protest] proclamation and its huge list of sponsors appeared as a two page spread in the New York Times . It was signed by 27 senators 20 governors . . . † Rappaport (chapter 6) recounts the deepseated hatred that Wise had for Bergson and his cronies even going so far as to regard him as â€Å"equally as great an enemy of the Jews as hitler. 8† It is because of this hatred that this group was unable to save anyone, although awareness was raised, and perhaps as an indirect result of their efforts the war refugee board started in 1944, although the connection is undocumented. Hecht gives another reason for their lack of success. The notables on our roster were sufficient seemingly to sweep any cause to victory. That they didn’t was due to two factors—our notables were not all of them on our side all the time. They came and went, like volunteer firemen. And the Jewish respectables outnumbered us. However many senators . . . the Jewish respectables could come up with five times as many. And not volunteer firemen, but full-time affiliates. (p. 190) The result of these main evils of American silence and immigration laws, and official Judaism’s carelessness, is the death of nearly six million Jews9. Although I cannot be so bold to state that most of the six million could have been saved, it is obvious that many more would have been saved if the â€Å"important Jews† would have worked with the unimportant ones. If idealism of Zionism would have been shelved for just a short time, many more Jews might have survived. However, Eichmann (â€Å"Eichmann Confessions† Life Magazine 1960), wrote of Kastner, the protagonist of Ben Hecht’s Perfidy, â€Å"I understand Kastner [for helping the Nazis and deserting the Jews in favor of Zionism], he is an idealist like I am. † This is the sad, tragic, and unvoiced story of the Final Solution.

The arguments for and against the availability of Safe Injecting Rooms Essay Example

The arguments for and against the availability of Safe Injecting Rooms Essay The risks caused by injecting drug use pose a major public health problem both to injecting drug users and to the wider community. By looking at the arguments for and against the establishing of injecting rooms in any community, especially in Australia, issues are raised that must be considered in any effort to combat the problem of drugs in society. There is public agreement that injecting illicit drugs is a risky activity no matter where or how it is undertaken. Arguments for the availability of safe injecting rooms believe that even though these facilities may not eradicate drug taking, they can make the process less harmful to both the drug users and the public and thus can be a beneficial strategy in the war against drugs. However, the argument against considers injecting rooms as an unnecessary and potentially harmful entity by sending out a misleading message about societys tolerance of drugs, as well as continuing to expose addicts to the risk of overdose and other health problems. Even supporters of the availability of injecting rooms to injecting drug users (IDUs) are quick to point out that the provision of these facilities are only to make it safer, because this activity can never be safe. These venues are provided and supervised by health and welfare organisations for the use of injecting illicit drugs. The main aims of injecting rooms are to reduce the harm experienced by IDUs through reducing the risk of fatal overdose and the transmission of blood borne viruses, as well as reducing the public nuisance of drug users injecting in public places. We will write a custom essay sample on The arguments for and against the availability of Safe Injecting Rooms specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The arguments for and against the availability of Safe Injecting Rooms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The arguments for and against the availability of Safe Injecting Rooms specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These aims are to be fulfilled through services such as the provision of sterile injecting equipment and paraphernalia and the provision of means of safe disposal of injecting equipment. The benefits of these two examples are obvious the former aids in controlling the risk of the spread of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and Hepatitis C, both of greater prevalence among IDUs than in the non-injecting population, and the latter protects not only IDUs but also the public for which needle-stick injuries is a health scare. Injecting rooms are attended to by trained personnel who can provide assistance in case of overdose. An 18 month Australian trial was recently opened in Kings Cross, and in the first week a young man collapsed after shooting up in the facility because he had not used heroin for a few weeks and had a low tolerance. The nurse unit manager who was able to resuscitate him with oxygen saw this as a prime example of the sort of person weve been looking for, a person at that kind of risk (Williams, 2001, p. 9). If the condition of the IDU is more serious than the staff can handle, they can now provide ambulance officers with a known location, leading to faster response time and greater chance of survival. It also benefits the occupational safety and health for ambulance officers. Staff at the injecting room look for opportunities to advise users on less harmful methods of drug use. IDUs account for 90% of Hepatitis C cases (Wodak, 1997) as this is contracted through blood-to-blood contact, which can happen through the sharing of infected needles. For a significant reduction in Hepatitis C cases, drug users should be encouraged to adopt non-injecting routes of administration. A counsellor working in the Australian trial sees the injecting room as a fantastic opportunity to teach drug users about the risks of blood borne viruses and assisting them into treatment (Williams, 2001) and believes that because IDUs meet these workers on territory that allows them to inject in a non-judgemental environment, they are then more likely to follow through on any treatment they agree to. Injecting facilities are established as part of a strategy of harm minimisation and as such work to reduce the harm associated with injecting drug use, not to reduce the levels of drug use. Those who protest against the founding of these facilities believe injecting rooms do not help IDUs. They question the motives of the proponents of harm minimisation, unsure of whom the scheme really benefits: the bureaucrats who are hoping the problem of drugs might then go away, or the community who are tired of drug users who are considered public nuisances, as it appears not to benefit the addicts where it is a case of out of sight, out of mind (NSWCC, 1998). Another fear that people have against the establishing of injecting rooms is that the drug trade will only benefit and increase in relation, as dealers and pushers will know where to go to target those who are looking for drugs so they can then go into an injecting facility to shoot up. This is seen as aiding in the commission of crimes and facilitating illicit drug trafficking (Riley and Humphries, 2000) and the NSW government has had to reassure the public that the trial being run in Kings Cross is not breaching any drug treaties signed by Australia (Riley et al, 2000). However, the fact remains that injecting drug use is illegal and for the trials to be run, the facility has to be protected from the law. At the same time, to be successful and keep the drug trade from booming in the areas around the facility, police would have to protect the very facility that is allowing illegal activity to continue! One area of dispute in the argument for and against injecting rooms is the information that has been published about trials in Switzerland, Germany and the Netherlands. Those for the establishment of injecting rooms have used news such as Swiss injecting rooms not having one fatal overdose since they were established 10 years ago (Wodak, 1997) or that the rate of fatal overdoses in Frankfurt, Germany went down from 150 to 30 within four years of opening injecting rooms (ADF, 1998) as evidence that injecting rooms beneficial. Those against take care to point out that any fatal overdoses that happen to IDUs who inject their drugs in a injecting facility but do not collapse until outside the facility are not counted (Muehlenberg, 1999) and that although the rate of fatal overdoses has reduced, many users are continuing to inject drugs without any thought of quitting their habit. Also, the situation in Europe cannot be directly applied to Australia and so any evidence from the overseas trials should be approached carefully. For example, in Amsterdam certain drugs considered illicit here are legal there and are much more easily obtained and as such the injecting facilities are dealing with different conditions. Another worry involved in the founding of injecting facilities is the mixed messages it may be sending to the youth in society (Wodak, 1997) as it seems that the existence of such a facility says that society approves of drugs by making somewhere comfortable, secure and legal for them to inject drugs; yet at the same time the government continues to pay for advertisements that tell the youth of Australia to not be involved in drug use. It sends messages to existing addicts that society feels it has failed in trying to help them quit and has given up by allowing them to have places where they can freely indulge their habit (NSWCC, 1998). Those opposing injecting rooms sees the founding of these injecting places as comparable to building more pubs for alcoholics, and serves only to create life long addicts who risk dying every time they inject illicit drugs (Muehlenberg, 1999). Those against setting up injecting rooms believe the biggest flaw of the argument of those for injecting rooms is that they pose two alternatives only: would society want addicts injecting in dirty back alleys rather than in clean injecting rooms? (Muehlenberg, 1999) When faced with this decision, it is obvious that people would rather have injecting rooms for the health of IDUs and their own. However, those against injecting rooms believe that there is a third option not taking drugs at all. They believe that programs of education, treatment and rehabilitation for addicts and harsher law enforcement against dealers will be adequate in combating the problem of drugs in society. Realistically it is hard for all addicts to quit and go into rehabilitation without an intermediate step and there are those who believe that injecting rooms can fulfil this purpose. In conclusion, it can be seen that both arguments are based in fact and have the welfare and best interest of IDUs at heart. Those for the establishment of injecting rooms are correct in stating that these facilities can help make the process of injecting illicit drugs safer and cleaner and thus better for the health of IDUs, and are a starting point for counselling and treatment of IDUs who wish to quit their habit. Those against injecting rooms are also right in noting that injecting drugs is an illegal activity and one that continues to be dangerous to addicts even when supervised in sterile conditions due to the detrimental effect of drugs on the human body. However, if the issues raised by both sides can be considered objectively with a view to helping IDUs to first lower the deaths through overdose then to gradually stop them from continuing their damaging habits, then a comprehensive solution may be found that can incorporate injecting rooms as a response against drugs in the community.

William Blakes The Lamb and The Tyger.

William Blakes The Lamb and The Tyger. There are many things to compare when it comes to William Blake's "TheLamb" and "The Tyger." "The Lamb" is portrayed with clarity and morality.The two poems both have a concern for the natural world of God itself.Blake seems to have a high regard for the initiator of the Lamb but as onereads in "The Tyger", Blake seems to be perplexed as well as bewildered bythe tiger. He does show that he appreciates the living creature but he alsoadds that he cannot comprehend how anyone, or anything, could make sucha creature be graceful and at the same time be such a vicious prowler. Onecan understand the status of Blake's beliefs of the Tiger because of thestrong words he uses. He constructs many references to Hell, recounting "afurnace", "the chain", and "the hammer." (130). The whole poem is aportrayal of the potential construction of the Tiger.Wash drawing by William Blake to illustrate Mary W...To one a quote suchas, "What dread hand, what dread feet?" (130) can possibly center on theinitia l creator him or herself. Blake might be telling the reader the messagethat in order to make such a lethal being, the makers have to be fairly fatalthemselves. This might also lead one to the idea that Blake focuses on themere fact that there is two different creators in this world. In contrastthough he goes on to wonder if it is just one originator. "Dost thou knowwho made thee?"(120) show's the point exactly. Perhaps the creator is justone in a whole.Blake's capability to make both prowler and prey signifies his skill to createhuman being within the constraints of his own words. Many can understandthis correlation since in the world today a person can...

Project management ip 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project management ip 4 - Essay Example Every project should be easily accessible, this is because investors are very busy people. Therefore, they may not want to waste a lot of time. In connection to this, it is advisable that before a company decides they best place to locate a project, they have to make sure that it can easily be accessible (Van de Vaar, 2012). For any kind of project to begin, all the materials should be available and they cost known. This is because investors like knowing a rough estimate of the project. In connection to this, it is necessary that before the meeting all the estimated costs of the materials should have been known (Alonso, 2009). Some projects needs a lot of money for them to be completed. In regards to this, it is not easy estimating how much a project will cost. However, it is recommended that the project team should be able to put a rough estimate of the project. Since the meeting is coming earlier than planned, the project team members can look at some of the projects which are similar to the one they are intending to put up so as to have a rough estimate of the project (Brent, 2012). One of the factors that leads to successful completion of a project is human resource. The project team should ensure that they have identified various personnel who will work on the project. This is because the senior executives would like to know whether the project will be finished on time or not (Alonso, 2009). In opportunity analysis, the total cost of the project is a very important factor to be given priority over the rest of the other factors. As a result, much of the resources should diverted towards knowing how much the project will cost. While, the resources allocated for identifying the location of the project can be minimized (Brent, 2012). Allocating more resources towards estimating the cost of the project will affect many things. For example,

English class journal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

English class journal - Assignment Example Logos as a means of persuasion refers to using reasoning to convince the audience or the reader. This method of persuasion requires the author to back up the arguments with logical reasoning that can convince the reader. Bono’s Georgetown speech on social activism was a powerful speech that inspired students and many others who attended the function. The speech incorporated the three methods of persuasion discussed above. Logos means of persuasion is quite evident when bono spent over one hour explaining his point â€Å"why it is wrong to give rock stars microphones at higher learning institutions.† Bono’s opening remarks when he jokes about assuming the role of a professor can be cited as ethos. The sense of humor at the beginning made the audience interested on what he had to say in other words likes the character. The manner in which Bono discussed poverty issues was quite moving which captured the audience emotions and this being a good example of pathos as a persuasion means. This made the audience sympathize with the poor in the

Mcdonalds Around the World Essay Example for Free

Mcdonalds Around the World Essay Ray Kroc opened the first McDonald’s restaurant in 1955 in the United States. He offered a limited menu of high quality; moderately priced food served fast spotless surroundings. McDonald’s QSCV (quality, service, cleanliness, and value) was a hit. The chain expanded into every state in the nation. By 1983 it had more than 6,000 restaurants in the United States, and by 1995 it had more than 18,000 restaurants in 89 countries. In 1995 alone, the company built 2,400 restaurants, and by 2001 it had more than 29,000 restaurants in 121 countries. In 1967, McDonald’s opened its first restaurant outside the United States- in Canada. Since then, its international growth accelerated. In 1995, the â€Å"Big Six† countries that provided about 80 percent of the international operating income were Canada, Japan, Germany, Australia, France, and Britain. Yet fast food has barely touched many cultures. The opportunities for expanding the market are great, as 99 percent of the world populations are not yet McDonald’s customers. For example, in China, with a population of 1. 2 billion people, there were only 62 McDonald’s restaurants in 1995. McDonald’s vision is to be the major player in food services around the world. In Europe, McDonald’s maintains a small percentage of restaurant sales but commands a large share of the fast-food market. It took the company 14 years of planning before it opened a restaurant in Moscow in 1990. But the planning paid off. After the opening, people were standing in line for up to two hours for a hamburger. It has been said that McDonald’s restaurant in Moscow attracts more visitors (on average 27,000 daily) than Lenin’s mausoleum (about 9,000 people), which used to be the place to see. The Beijing opening in 1992 attracted some 40,000 people to the largest (28,000 square foot) McDonald’s restaurant in China at a location where some 800,000 pedestrians pass by every day. Food is prepared in accordance with local laws. For example, the menus in Arab countries comply with Islamic food preparation laws. In 1995, McDonald’s opened its first kosher restaurant in Jerusalem, where it does not serve dairy products. The taste for fast food, American style, is growing more rapidly abroad than at home. McDonald’s international sales have been increasing by a large percentage every year. Every day, more than 33 million people eat at McDonald’s around the world, with 18 million of them in the United States. Prices vary considerably around the world, ranging from $ 3. 81 in Switzerland to $ 0. 78 in Argentina for the Big Mac, which costs in the United States $ 2. 49. The Economist magazine even devised a Big Mac index to estimate whether a currency is over-or undervalued. For example, the $1. 27 Chinese Mac translates into an implied purchasing power parity of $ 4. 22. The inference is that the Chinese currency is undervalued. Here are other price comparisons for the $ 2. 49 U. S Big Mac: Chile $ 2. 16, Euro area $ 2. 37, Hong Kong $ 1. 40, Japan $ 2. 01, Mexico $ 2. 37, Peru $ 2. 48, Singapore $ 1. 81 and Thailand $ 1. 27. McDonald’s traditional menu has been surprisingly successful. People with diverse dining habits have adopted burgers and fries wholeheartedly. Before McDonald’s introduced the Japanese to French fries, potatoes were used in Japan only to make starch. The Germans thought hamburgers were people from the city of Hamburg. Now McDonald’s also serves chicken, sausage, and salads. Another item, a very different product, is pizza. In Norway, McDonald’s serves grilled salmon sandwich, in the Philippines pasta sauce with frankfurter bits, and in Uruguay hamburger with a poached egg. Any new venture is risky and can be either a very profitable addition or a costly experiment. Despite the global operations, McDonald’s stays in close contact with its customers, who want good taste, fast and friendly service, clean surroundings, and quality. To attain quality, so called quality assurance centers are located in the United States, Europe, and Asia. In addition, training plays an important part in customer service. Besides day-today coaching, Hamburger Universities in the United States, Germany, Britain, Japan, and Australia teach the necessary skills in 22 languages with the aim of providing 100 percent customer satisfaction. It is interesting that McDonald’s was one of the first restaurants in Europe to welcome families with children. Not only are children welcomed, but in many restaurants they are also entertained with crayons and paper, a play land, and the clown Ronald McDonald, who can speak 20 languages. With generally aging populations, McDonald’s takes aim at the adult market. With heavy advertising (it has been said that McDonald’s will spend $200 million to promote the new burger), the company introduced Arch Deluxe on a potato-flower bun with lettuce, onions, ketchup, tomato slices, American cheese, grainy mustard, and Mayonnaise. Although McDonald’s considers the over 50 adult burger a great success, a survey conducted five weeks after its introduction showed mixed results. McDonald’s golden arches promise the same basic menu and QSCV in every restaurant. Its products, handling and cooking procedures, and kitchen layouts are standardized and strictly controlled. McDonald’s revoked the first French franchise because the franchise failed to meet its standards for fast service and cleanliness, even though their restaurants were highly profitable. This may have delayed its expansion in France. McDonald’s restaurants are run by local managers and crews. Owners and managers attend the Hamburger University near Chicago or in other places around the world to learn how to operate a McDonald’s restaurants and maintain QSCV. The main campus library and modern electronic classrooms (which include simultaneous translation systems) are the envy of many universities. When McDonald’s opened in Moscow, a one-page advertisement resulted in 30,000 inquiries about the jobs; 4,000 people were interviewed and some 300 were hired. The pay is about 50 percent higher than the average Soviet salary. McDonald’s ensures consistent products by controlling every stage of the distribution. Regional distribution centers purchase products and distribute them to individual restaurants. The centers will buy from local suppliers if the suppliers can meet detailed specifications. McDonald’s has had to make some concessions to available products. For example, it is difficult to introduce the Idaho potato in Europe because of special soil requirements. McDonald’s uses essentially the same competitive strategy in every country: be first in a market and establish its brand as rapidly as possible by advertising very heavily. New restaurants are opened with a bang. So many people attended the opening of one Tokyo restaurant that the police closed the street to vehicles. The strategy has helped McDonald’s develop a strong market share in the fast-food market, even though its U. S competitors and new local competitors quickly enter the market. McDonald’s advertising campaigns are based on local themes and reflect the different environments. In Japan, where burgers are a snack, McDonald’s competes against confectioneries and new â€Å"fast sushi† restaurants. Many of the charitable causes McDonald’s supports abroad have been recommended by its local restaurants. McDonald’s business structures take a variety of forms, with 66 percent of the restaurants being franchises. The development licenses are similar to franchising, but they do not require McDonald’s investment. Joint ventures are undertaken when understanding of the local environment is critically important. The McDonald’s Corporation operates about 21 percent of the restaurants. McDonald’s has been willing to relinquish the most control to its Far Eastern operations, where many restaurants are joint ventures with local entrepreneurs, who own 50 percent or more of the restaurant. European and South American restaurants are generally company-operated or franchised (although there are many affiliates, or joint ventures, in France). Like the U. S franchises, restaurants abroad are allowed to experiment with their menus. In Japan, hamburgers are smaller because they are considered a snack. The Quarter Pounder does not make much sense to people on a metric system, so it is called a Double Burger. Some German restaurants serve beer; some French restaurants serve wine. Some Far Eastern McDonald’s restaurants offer oriental noodles. In Canada, the menu includes cheese, vegetables, pepperoni, and deluxe pizza. However, these new items must not disrupt the existing operation. Despite its success, McDonald’s faces tough competitors, such as Burger King, Wendy’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC), and now also Pizza Hut. Moreover, fast food in reheatable containers is now also sold in supermarkets, delicatessens, convenience stores, and even gas stations. McDonald’s has done very well, with a great percentage of profits coming now from International operations. For example, McDonald’s dominates the Japanese market with 1,860 outlets (half the Japanese market) in 1996 compared to only 43 Burger King Restaurants. However, the British food conglomerate Grand Metropolitan PLC, which owns Burger King, haw an aggressive strategy for Asia. Although McDonald’s has been in a very favorable competitive position, since 2001 the customer satisfaction level has been below that of its competitors Wendy’s and Burger King. In China, KFC is more popular than McDonald’s. Some observers suggest that McDonald’s has expanded too fast and that Burger King and Wendy’s have tastiest meals. It is Mr. Jack Greenberg’s (McDonald’s top manager) task to change things around.

Tourette Syndrome :: essays research papers

Tourette Syndrome   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tourette Syndrome was named for Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first described the syndrome in 1885. Although the disease was identified in 1885, today in 1996, there still is a mystery surrounding Tourette Syndrome, its causes and possible cures. Tourette Syndrome is a neurological disorder that researchers believe is caused by and abnormal metabolism of the neurotransmitters dopamire and serotonin. It is genetically transmitted from parent to child. There is a fifty percent chance of passing the gene on from parent to child (Gaffy,Ottinger). Those most at risk are sons of mothers with Tourette Syndrome. About three-quarters of Tourette Syndrome patients are male. Males with the disorder have a ninety-nine percent chance of displaying symptoms. Females, have a seventy percent chance of displaying symptoms. This ration of 3-4:1 for males and females may be accounted for by referral bias. Also, there is a frequent number of reported cases within the Mennonite religious isolate population in Canada. The specific genetic transmission however, has not been established. Some researchers believe that the mar is on an autosomal dominant trait. Some cases however are sporadic, and there may not be a link to family history involved. These cases are mild however, and not full blown. The onset of Tourette Syndrome must be before the age of fifteen, and usually occurs after the age of two. The mean age onset of motor tics is seven. The mean age onset for vocal tics is nine. In order for a person to be classified as having Tourette Syndrome they must have both multiple motor tics and vocal tics. These tics however do not have to occur everyday. In fact, affected individuals may rarely exhibit all of the symptoms, or all of the tics. The vocal and motor tics must also occur within the same year, for a person to be classified as having Tourette Syndrome. Symptoms can disappear for weeks or months at a time. However if people afflicted with the syndrome try and suppress their tics, they will re occur with increased ferver. Tics increase as a result of tension or stress, and decrease with relaxation or concentration on absorbing a task.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tics are classified into two groups: complex and simple tics. Simple tics are movements or vocalizations which are completely uncomprehendable and meaningless to those not suffering from the disorder (Peiss). Complex tics are movements or vocalizations which make use of more than one muscle group to appear to be meaningful (Peiss). Simple motor tics are: eye blinking, head jerking, shoulder shrugging or facial grimacing. Simple vocal tics are: throat clearing, coughing, snorting, baiting, yelping.

Body Shop

Anita Roddick, OBE, and The body Shop International Plc FEDBACK FOR QUESTION WEEK 3 for week commencing 19. 03. 12 1. Evaluate the Financial Position of the Company (at the time of the case study) and comment upon the apparent success or otherwise of its strategy, based on your findings. Introduction We may consider a company’s strategy from a number of aspects, but generally we are interested in answering the question: How well is the company’s present strategy working? To understand and analyse success in terms of strategy, we must begin by understanding what the strategy is.From Thompson, Strickland and Gamble (2012) we might examine the following areas * Identify competitive approach * Low-cost leadership? * Differentiation? * Best-cost provider? * Focus on a particular market niche? * Determine competitive scope * Broad or narrow geographic market coverage? * In how many stages of industry’s production/distribution chain does the company operate? * Examine r ecent strategic moves * Identify functional strategies We can also assess performance in terms of both quantitative measures (financial and strategic achievements against budget, plans, etc. and look to see if its performance is above or below the industry average. We can also look at qualitative measures (such as brand awareness /status, consumer attitudes to the company, and so on). There is only limited information in the case regarding some of these areas, but I will attempt to look first at the strategy followed by Body Shop, then at the financial ratios based on its figures, non-financial measures and then finally draw conclusions that attempt to answer the question.Strategy being followed by Body Shop Porter’s Generic strategies, as amended by Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson (2002) are shown below. If we consider first, their competitive approach, there is no evidence in the case study that Body Shop has any concern about Cost Leadership, and in fact we know from the Tradi ng Charter and Mission (case, page 539) that the firm pays above market rates for goods it buys from suppliers in poorer countries, where it can, which is not something a cost-leadership company would normally do.We also have plentiful evidence from the case that Body Shop occupies a unique position in the cosmetics retailing industry, as it takes a highly principled stance on many issues, as indicated in my earlier answer to question 2, and shown in the firm’s mission statement, which mentions many areas of Corporate Social Responsibility – ecological and ‘green’ issues, human and civil rights, against animal testing of cosmetics, and so on. The company must therefore be following a Differentiation strategy.The question then is whether this is broad or narrow in focus, as suggested by Thompson, Strickland and Gamble, as mentioned earlier – their competitive scope. The decision here rests on how one defines the market: Body Shop is a retailer that a lso manufactures, within the cosmetics industry. It is a specialist retailer, not selling anything apart from its own products and is not configured and structured like bigger retailers such as – in the UK – House of Fraser, Debenhams, Boots, Marks and Spencer or Tesco, all of whom retail cosmetics amongst many other product ranges.I therefore conclude that Body Shop is a Focused Differentiator. Firms that seek differentiation, according to Porter, seek higher profit margins through finding something unique about themselves, which consumers value more than the offerings of competitors. In the case of Body Shop we might see this as being their highly visible and principled ethical stance, and the range of products which they sell, being organic, fair trade and ethically produced and traded, so their competitive approach and scope is Focus Differentiation, as such a stance is not likely to appeal to all shoppers.Similarly, some, at least would be indifferent to the organ ic/fair trade/human rights etc appeal of the stores and others might consider the range of products to be relatively limited and not of sufficiently high brand status, as the products in Body Shop stores fit in price and value terms between the low-cost products offered in stores like Sainsbury and Tesco, and the high-end cosmetics of Helena Rubenstein, Elizabeth Arden etc, sold via stores such as House of Fraser and Debenhams.In terms of recent strategic moves, we can see from the case only that the firm has expanded reasonably quickly, via franchising mostly; from the case it seems that about 80% of stores are franchised out. In terms of functional strategies, we can see the small amount of vertical integration mentioned in the case, whereby the largest part of the business is involved in running the owned shops and franchise, and a small amount of manufacturing in terms of soap products, etc.It is important to note that for the next section, examining Body Shop’s finances, the franchising approach is important, as it has a major impact on revenues – however successful a store is, the majority of revenues will go to the franchisee, not the Body Shop. According to Cavusgil, Knight and Reisenberger (Called CKR in future – from p 246), the initial revenue to Body Shop will be from the franchising fee, but then they will get regular revenues from product sales to the stores and from the royalty fees. This is likely to amount to about 30% of revenue in total (25% from product charges and 5% royalty fee).Body Shop’s Financial Position We are asked to evaluate the firm’s financial position. Briefly, Body shop is a retailer that sells in around 45 countries and uses a mixed mode of Franchising and FDI though investing in owned retail stores. So far as I can tell, about 80% of the 1,208 stores are franchised. Franchising is a particular form of retail expansion, where, according to Cavusgil, Knight and Reisenberger, an entrepreneur buys into an established brand system. The best known franchise is probably McDonalds, but Body Shop is a medium-sized international franchise, given its range of countries and umber of stores (much smaller than McDonalds, which has over 33,000 restaurants worldwide, and annual revenues (2010) of about ? 15 billion. I will come back to this more modern data later in my answer. When examining the financial basis of a business, there are – according to Thompson Strickland and Gamble – five areas which can be studied – 1. Profitability (the profits made by the business on its activities), 2. Liquidity (the ability of a business to pay its debts [creditors] and collect money from customers [debtors]), 3.Leverage (the amount of money invested in the business by shareholder – v – the amounts borrowed from financial institutions, to fund the business and invest in its future), 4. Business Activities (amounts of stock held in the business, how quickly it t urns over, and so on), and 5. Stockholder Interests (the amount of money paid in dividends, value changes in share prices, etc. ) * According to the lecture notes in week 10, Ratio analysis can be used to: * Compare the performance of a company over a period of time. Compare the performance of your own company with that of one of your competitors or the industry sector. * Detect weaknesses in aspects of your operations, e. g. debt management, stock levels etc. which you can improve. * Assess a company's exposure to short term risk through its liquidity (ability to meet debts). * Determine a company's profitability. Much of this data is useful only when considered against the performance of other firms and we have no data from the case to illustrate any of this. However, I have approached the financial situation analysis in two ways.First I look at the basic ratios for the firm and comment on them; second, I have compared the latest data for Body shop, with a number of its contempora ries, both in retail and in franchising, in order to make some valid comparisons. Profitability the commonest ratios are Profit before Interest payments on loans, Taxation, Depreciation and other fixed costs like mortgage payments. Often referred to as operating profit or EBITDA; for Body Shop in 1995 I have calculated this as Profit for the year/turnover*100 (from figures, case pp553/4), this is 33. 5/219. 7*100 = 15. 24%.Calculated in the same way, net profit would be 21. 8/219. 7*100 = 9. 9%. Liquidity the commonest ratio here would be the Current Ratio, which measures balance of current assets against current liabilities, which for Body Shop yields a ratio of 2. 29:1. Similarly the Quick Ratio, which is a similar calculation but ignoring inventory or stock, would yield a ratio of 0. 83:1. This indicates that the business is not perfectly liquid and would struggle a little to pay off all of its debts (a ratio of 1:1 indicating perfection here) – but this is not seen as a p roblem when the ratio is over 0. . Without any share price data it is impossible to calculate meaningful ratios for stockholders, so we can only note that the dividend paid to shareholder appears high, at ? 11. 50 per share for 1995 (case, p. 554). A major measure for stockholders, however, might be Return on Shareholders equity, as this is the best comparison to the return that the investor might make if he or she had invested their money in a bank Savings account. For Body Shop I calculate this as: Net profit/Total Equity*100 or 21. /110. 6*100 = 19. 7%. However, these numbers by themselves, tell us only that the business is profitable and is a sound going concern, with a decent profit margin and a fair coverage against its debts. For shareholder it is making a very good return on invested amounts of nearly 20% – at a time when savings accounts would maybe have yielded 6%) and is paying a handsome dividend. We might conclude that the business is financially sound, therefore .Moreover, using Franchising as a way to expand internationally is a relatively low cost and low-risk method, according to CKR, as the franchisee pays for the initial setting up of the store; the stock; staff recruitment and training; and advertising and promotion. They also pay – in this case – to Body Shop PLC for the stock they must subsequently sell in their store and the franchise royalties on turnover. This is a very effective business model and allows a strategy of international expansion to take place reasonably quickly and at reasonably low risk. Conclusions General comments about the success of the strategy and body Shop’s financesBased on this evidence, it is possible to state that Body Shop’s financial position is clearly comfortable and they appear to have a sensible strategy for international expansion, which is sustainable, in that they have transferred the majority of risk for their expansion to the franchisee. The group should be able to comfortably expand its foreign operations in this manner, for a number of years. However, at the moment, as I indicated in my answer to question 1, the company at present has a very simple structure and this may have to change as the number of stores, and the number of countries in which they operate, continues to grow.We also know, from my answer to question 2, that in terms of what we might call non-financial measures, Body Shop is highly regarded as an excellent example of an Ethical and Corporately Responsible company. We might therefore conclude that both the financial and non-financial evidence as presented supports the view that B0dy Shop is a well-run business and has a sensible strategy that will allow it to expand. Comments updating Body Shop’s Position Without comparative data, however, it is impossible to make much more of an analysis or draw conclusions from the business.We know that the case ends in 1995/6 and that about ten years after this, the firm was sold t o L’Oreal, a very large, French-based cosmetics producer. This caused some controversy as it was not clear if L’Oreal still tested products on animals (they do) and if so, how such a principled owner as Anita Roddick could sell out to a large corporate that seemed to embody many of the things she had supposedly dedicated both her personal and professional life to fighting. However, the sale went ahead and the business has been part of the French company now for 7 years.Today (2011) it has expanded to 2,748 stores, of which 1,639 (59%) are franchised. This is interesting as it tells us that the proportion of franchised stores has fallen since 1995, even though the number of stores has more than doubled in 16 years. This would indicate a change in strategy, but it is not clear whether this was pre or post the L’Oreal takeover. Finally, in order to look at Body Shop in comparative terms, I prepared data for them and a number of rivals, which is presented below. | | Revenue ? billion| EBITDA ? million| EBITDA %| Net profit? million| Net Profit %| House of Fraser| | 0. 596| 36. 8| 6. 7| 8. 2| 1. 3| Debenhams| | 2. 112| 189. 7| 8. 98| 97. 0| 4. 6| Boots| | 23. 330| 1,444. 0| 6. 17| 221. 0| 0. 9| Marks and Spencer| | 9. 50| 852. 0| 9. 00| 523. 0| 5. 5| Tesco| | 60. 93| 3,810. 0| 6. 25| 2,670. 0| 4. 4| Body Shop| | 1. 01| 144. 4| 14. 2| 41. 2| 4. 1| McDonalds| | 15. 06| 4,670. 6| 31. 0| 3,093. 1| 20. 5| I chose data for several large retailers, like Tesco and M&S who sell at least comparative products to Body Shop, House of Fraser and Debenhams because they sell higher level products and McDonalds as the most obvious franchiser example.Regarding the large retailers, although Body Shop remains a small business, internationally speaking (just about ? 1 billion in turnover), its net profit margins are at the top end of those of its retailing rivals, but fall well short of its main franchise rival. My conclusion which I made at the end of question 2â €™s answer – that I am sure the impact of the ethical stance affects the performance of the company – is thus thrown into some doubt, but it would need much more research into the comparative financial data in order to prove or disprove this view.

The Impact Of Family Engagement On A Child s Development

Family engagement can be defined as a set of activities that help to include families in a child’s development such as their cognitive development and overall wellness (HHS ED, 2016). There are many ways to go about family engagement, but Joyce Epstein has created six types of involvement that these activities should revolve around to aid family engagement. The six types are: parenting, communicating, volunteering, learning at home, decisions making, and collaborating with the community. Joyce’s framework is a guide for educators to create ways that will allow family engagement in the classroom. This framework helps to create an inclusive environment for all families, which is beneficial for the school, the classroom and the child. After discussing and researching the effects of family engagement on a child, it is clear that having parents involved is overall positive for the child. It is crucial for this involvement to start in the younger years of the child since it has been found that home influences early on effect the development of cognitive, social and emotional needs within a child. Not only is a child’s wellbeing influenced by this involvement, but their academics as well. It has been found that involvement enables children to grow solid social skills, better behavior and higher achievement. It not only allows for academic success while in school, but also later on in the child’s life such as with employment (Scully, Barbour, Roberts-King, 2015). 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